Volvo XC60 SPA Tailgate Motorized Actuator Replacement DIY
The first time your Volvo XC60’s power tailgate groans, pops, or stops halfway up, you know something is wrong with the actuator.
This is a common failure on the SPA-generation XC60 (2018+). The good news is that a DIY replacement is very achievable for a home mechanic. The bad news is that on some model years, a software update is required after installation, which means a trip to the dealer. This guide walks you through the diagnosis, replacement process, and what to expect.
TL;DR
The SPA XC60 power tailgate actuator (also called a spindle drive or strut) is a motorized unit that raises and lowers the tailgate. When it fails, the tailgate may pop, groan, stop partway, or not open at all. Replacement is a straightforward DIY job that takes 30–60 minutes per side. The key question is whether your specific model year requires a software download after installation. Early 2012–2013 models must have both sides replaced and new software loaded. Later models (roughly 2014+) often work fine with a single actuator swap and no programming. Always check your specific VIN before ordering parts.
Key Takeaways
- SPA XC60 actuators are ball-joint mounted — no special tools needed, just a flathead screwdriver and a hex bit
- Replace in pairs is recommended by Volvo for early models, but many owners successfully replace only the failed side on later cars
- Software update is mandatory for 2012–2013 models due to different gear ratios in the updated actuators
- OEM part numbers: 31386705 (LH) and 31386706 (RH) for 2012–2013; 31479627/31479628 for later models
- Dealer cost can exceed $1,000 in parts and labor; DIY parts cost runs $200–$450 CAD for a pair
- Symptoms include: popping sounds, partial opening, slow movement, complete failure to open or close
Diagnosing the Problem
Common Symptoms
The XC60 power tailgate can fail in several ways. Here is what owners report most often:
- Popping or groaning noise when opening or closing
- Tailgate opens only partway then stops (classic actuator failure)
- Tailgate won’t open at all from the button or remote
- Slow, labored movement — the motor strains to lift the gate
- Tailgate closes on its own after being opened
- Visible damage — bent or swollen actuator body
One SwedeSpeed member described their 2018 XC60’s left strut making “popping sounds when opening and closing” — a textbook early failure sign.
Is It the Actuator or Something Else?
Before ordering parts, rule out simpler causes:
- Check the fuse for the power tailgate system
- Listen for the motor — if you hear it running but the gate doesn’t move, the actuator’s internal gears may be stripped
- Check the wiring harness in the rubber boot between the body and tailgate for broken wires (a common issue on high-mileage cars)
- Try the interior button and remote — if neither works, it’s likely a power or module issue, not just the actuator
Always disconnect the battery before working on the electrical system. The tailgate actuators draw significant current, and accidental activation during removal can cause injury or damage.
Parts and Tools You’ll Need
Parts
| Part | Part Number | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Left Actuator | 31386705 (early) / 31479627 (later) | Check VIN for correct fitment |
| Right Actuator | 31386706 (early) / 31479628 (later) | Check VIN for correct fitment |
| Pair (Recommended) | Both of the above | Volvo recommends pairs for early models |
Aftermarket options from brands like A-Premium and DEFFNER cost significantly less than OEM and work well for many owners.
Tools
- Flathead screwdriver (for prying trim clips and ball joints)
- Hex bit set (for trim screws)
- Socket set (10–19mm)
- Trim removal tools (to avoid breaking plastic clips)
- Protective gloves
- Work light (the tailgate interior is poorly lit)
Pro tip: Buy replacement trim clips before you start. The interior tailgate panel clips are fragile, especially in cold weather, and often break during removal.
Step-by-Step Replacement
Step 1: Remove the Interior Tailgate Panel
The actuator is accessed from inside the tailgate. You need to remove the large plastic trim panel covering the tailgate’s interior.
- Open the tailgate and support it if needed (the gas struts may be weak)
- Remove the handle cover and unscrew the two T-20 Torx screws
- Remove the ceiling light if present near the handle
- Gently pry off the trim panel starting from the edges. On SPA XC60, there may be additional clips on the C-pillar sides — you may be able to let the panel hang rather than fully removing it
- Disconnect any electrical connectors for the tailgate button, light, and lock if you fully remove the panel
One owner noted: “I actually ended up only removing the clips and letting the piece hang down… Letting the piece hang still left enough room to unplug the old harness and plug the new one in”.
Step 2: Locate and Disconnect the Actuator
With the panel out of the way, you’ll see the actuator mounted between the body and the tailgate on each side.
- Locate the electrical connector on the actuator
- Use a flathead screwdriver to carefully pry the harness clip and separate the plug from the connector
- Note the wire routing — take a photo if needed for reassembly
Step 3: Remove the Old Actuator
SPA XC60 actuators use ball-joint connectors at both ends — no bolts to unscrew on the actuator itself.
- Support the tailgate — have a helper hold it, or use a prop rod
- Pry the ball joint off at the body end using a flathead screwdriver. Apply firm, steady pressure — it will pop off
- Pry the ball joint off at the tailgate end
- Remove the old actuator from the vehicle
The Swedish guide notes: “Var beredd på att bakluckan blir tyngre när båda dämparna är borttagna” — be prepared for the tailgate to get heavier when the actuators are removed.
Step 4: Install the New Actuator
- Position the new actuator and press the ball joints onto both mounting points. You should feel them click into place
- Reconnect the electrical plug until it clicks
- Secure the wiring with cable ties to prevent vibration damage
Step 5: Test Before Reassembly
Critical step: Before putting the trim panel back, test the system.
- Reconnect the battery if you disconnected it
- Press the tailgate button (interior or remote) to open and close
- Listen for smooth operation — no popping, grinding, or groaning
- Check that the tailgate opens fully to its normal height
If the tailgate opens but stops short of full height, you may need a software update (see next section).
Step 6: Reassemble
Once you confirm smooth operation, reinstall the trim panel in reverse order. Push the clips firmly until they seat.
The Software Question: Does Your XC60 Need Programming?
This is the most confusing part of the job, and the answer depends on your model year.
2012–2013 Models: Software Required
Volvo issued a technical journal for 2012–2013 XC60s stating: “drive units must be replaced in pairs and software download must be performed”.
The reason: new actuators introduced in 2013 week 03 had a different gear ratio. Mixing old and new actuators, or installing new actuators without the updated software, causes incorrect operation.
Software part number: 31402330
2014+ Models: Often No Software Needed
Later SPA models (including most 2018+ XC60s) generally do not require a software update when replacing a single actuator. Multiple owners report that a straight swap works perfectly.
One forum member with a 2014 XC60 stated: “No software updates from the dealer were needed, everything works as is”.
How to Tell If You Need Software
Symptoms that indicate a software mismatch:
- Tailgate opens but stops 5–10 cm short of full height
- Tailgate moves slowly or erratically
- Error codes stored in the CEM (Central Electronic Module)
If you experience these after installation, a dealer visit for software download is the fix. This typically costs $100–$200 depending on your dealer.
Note: The software download requires VIDA (Volvo’s diagnostic system). Independent shops with Volvo experience can also perform this.
Comparison: Dealer vs DIY vs Independent Shop
| Option | Cost (Parts + Labor) | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dealer | $1,000–$1,500+ | Warranty on parts and labor; software included | Most expensive |
| Independent Volvo Shop | $600–$900 | Familiar with Volvo; can do software | Less convenient; variable quality |
| DIY (No Software Needed) | $200–$450 | Cheapest; 30–60 min job | You do the work |
| DIY + Dealer Software | $300–$650 | Saves labor; software handled | Two trips; scheduling hassle |
One owner reported saving approximately $1,000 in labor by doing the job themselves, paying only $200 CAD for the replacement part.
FAQ
How long does it take to replace a Volvo XC60 tailgate actuator?
Most DIYers complete the job in 30–60 minutes per side. The first time may take longer as you learn the trim clips.
Do I need to replace both actuators at the same time?
Volvo recommends pairs for 2012–2013 models due to the software and gear ratio change. For later models, many owners successfully replace only the failed side.
What happens if I don’t get the software update on a 2012–2013 XC60?
The tailgate may not open fully, may move erratically, or may store error codes. The system may also default to a fail-safe mode and stop working entirely.
Can I use aftermarket actuators instead of OEM?
Yes. Brands like A-Premium and DEFFNER make compatible actuators that many owners use successfully. They cost 30–50% less than OEM.
How do I know which part number I need?
Check your VIN with a Volvo dealer or an online parts catalog. Early (2012–2013) and later SPA models use different part numbers.
What if the tailgate still doesn’t work after replacement?
Check the wiring harness in the rubber boot between the body and tailgate for broken wires. This is a common failure point on higher-mileage cars.
Can I convert to manual struts instead of fixing the power system?
Some owners have done this, but it requires changing the mounting brackets and losing the power function. Not recommended unless you’re comfortable with the trade-offs.
Which Volvo Model Best Fits Your Driving Needs?
The SPA XC60 remains a strong choice for buyers who want a safe, comfortable, and capable SUV. The power tailgate actuator failure is a known issue, but it’s a manageable repair that doesn’t affect the car’s overall reliability.
If you’re buying a used XC60, ask about the tailgate operation during your test drive. Listen for popping sounds. Check that it opens fully. A car that’s already had the actuators replaced is a plus.
For DIYers, this is a satisfying job that saves real money. Just budget for a dealer visit if your model year requires the software update.
Which Volvo model best fits your driving needs? Share your thoughts in the comments.
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